KEYNOTE SPEECH
Understanding Challenges to Community-based natural Resource management in Indonesia
Krisnawati Suryanata
The political change following the fall of Suharto administration in 1998 led to the enactment of Law 22/99 and Law 25/99. Which aim to decentralize both political and economic power away from the central government after decades of highly centralized rule. Combined with the poor track record of natural resources management, the laws have led to an increased promotion and adoption of “community-based management” to govern Indonesia’s vast natural resources. In this alternative approach, community and communities-based institutions are deemed to potentially be better positioned to: 1) respond and adapt to locally specific social and ecological conditions; 2) represent local interests and preferences; 3) mobilize local resources; and 4) create mechanism for increasing accountability for their natural resource management decisions and actions. Despite these potential benefits, a community-based approach carries with it number or risks and constraints. This presentation will critically look at some of the dilemmas of community-based resource management approach, and how they are affected by broader economic (market) and political forces.
Krisnawati Suryanata
Krisna was born and raised in Indonesia, and received her undergraduate degree in Soil Sciences from Bogor Agricultural University in Indonesia, a Masters degree in geography from the University of Hawaii in1985, and a PhD in geography from the University of California at Berkeley in 1994. After a short tenure at the University of Colorado at Denver, she returned to UH as a faculty member in 1997. Krisna’s work utilizes political ecology perspective to examine social and ecological change, and have worked with issues such as globalization of agro-food systems, rural development, and community-based resource management strategies. Her past research in Indonesia examined cases of tree planting and agroforestry in upland Java; indigenous resource management in West Timor; and coastal zone management on the north coast of Java. Since moving to Hawaii she has continued her research on agrarian and rural change here, which includes examining diversified agriculture, rural transformation, and marine aquaculture.
PANEL 1: INDONESIA’S ROLE IN THE ASIA PACIFIC ~ Moderator: Livia Iskandar
Indonesia: The New "Dalang" of Global Power
Amin Leiman & David Day (Indonesia-Hawai’i Chamber of Commerce)
Indonesia will play some kind of global role in the 21st century. This is because of the sheer magnitude of its natural and human resources. The real question is what is that role likely to be?
With both the U.S. and China courting Indonesia for closer and “renewed” friendship and cooperation, competing investment and security relationships, Indonesia is now in the precarious position of balancing the needs of the two superpowers together with its own internal demands.
Amin Leiman
Mr. Leiman joined Hawaiian Electric Industries (HEI) in 2010 as Audit Director of Information Technology. In this position, he directs and develops information technology (IT) audits and other risk-related activities for HEI, Hawaiian Electric Company and American Savings Bank. He trains, coaches and evaluates senior and staff level IT auditors to ensure the overall work quality and productivity of the department and the development of its auditors. His responsibilities are to provide leadership and management of HEI’s regional IT audit in the state of Hawaii including its sister companies, Maui Electric Company (MECO) and Hawaii Electric Company (HELCO). In this role, Amin is accountable for the IT audit functions to one of the largest publicly-held companies in the utility and banking industries in the State of Hawaii.
David Day
Mr. Day is one of the original founders of the Hawaii Indonesia Chamber of Commerce and is one of the Asia Pacific Region’s leading international business lawyers, with special emphsasis on Southeast Asia. He is based right here in Honolulu. Mr. Day has been involved throughout Asia in deal-making and is currently working on commercial projects in Indonesia, Vietnam, China and Japan.
As an executive educator and visiting professor, Mr. Day has taught frequently here at the University of Hawaii’s Shidler School of Business (both Honolulu and Ho Chi Minh City Campuses), Sungkyunkwan University’s College of Business (Seoul, Korea), the Hanoi School of Business and he is now a visiting professor at Yonsei University’s Business School in Seoul, South Korea. Because of his private sector international business experience in Asia, David also appears frequently at the Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies in Waikiki as a visiting professor for the student diplomats, government leaders, and military professionals from around the Asia-Pacific Region.
The Growing Role of Indonesia in ASEAN and APEC
Dick Baker
As the largest and most strategically located country in Southeast Asia, and as a thriving and consolidating democracy since the end of the Suharto regime in 1998, Indonesia is a natural leader of the Southeast Asian regional community and of the larger APEC region of which Southeast Asia is a key part. This talk will review the emergence of Indonesia as an active leader in the regionalism movement starting with the establishment of ASEAN in 1967 through the evolution of that organization and related institutions as well as the APEC movement and now the East Asian Summit and the Group of 20. The presentation will conclude with a brief description of the challenges to Indonesia of effectively playing this role in the second decade of the 21st Century, and the potential of Indonesia to build on its efforts and success to date.
Richard W. Baker
Mr. Baker retired from the East-West Center in September 2008 after 20 years at the Center including positions as a research fellow, interim director of the research program, and Special Assistant to East-West Center President Charles Morrison. He remains an Adjunct Senior Fellow in the office of the President. He joined the Center in 1988, following a 20-year career in the U.S. Foreign Service. His Foreign Service assignments included Singapore, Indonesia, and Australia, as well as at the Department of State in Washington. He holds a Master of Public Affairs degree in International Relations from the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University. His interests include U.S. foreign policy making, Asia Pacific regionalism, Southeast Asia (with a special focus on Indonesia), Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands. He was the principal editor of a three-volume study of US-Australia-New Zealand relations published during the 1990s and of Indonesia: The Challenge of Change (1999). From 2003 he coordinated the Center’s Islamic Initiative.
Building Enduring Relationship Relationships through the National Guard’s State Partnership Program
Major Manuel R. Carlos
The National Guard's State Partnership Program (SPP) was established in the early 1990s following the collapse of the former Soviet Union partnering a number of U.S. States with countries in Eastern Europe. What began as a practical military modernization, interoperability, subordination to civil authorities and development of democratic and free-market institutions with a handful of emerging democracies has evolved into a vital program for international diplomacy that continues to capitalize on the unique nature of the National Guard and its citizen soldiers. Now with 63 such partnerships worldwide, SPP promotes enduring and mutually beneficial relationships among many nations linked with U.S. States to advance security, stability, and prosperity around the globe. Launched in 2007 during a visit Jakarta by then Hawaii Governor Linda Lingle, the Hawaii National Guard's SPP relationship with Indonesia offers a vast array of engagement opportunities to form partnerships across the broad spectrum of society focusing on civilian military dialogue, transparency in defense budgeting, defense support for civilian agencies, crisis management, border and port security, interagency emergency planning and other core competencies that the National Guard has in our dual capacity of working for the governor and working for our federal military.
Major Manuel R. Carlos
Mr. Carlos is currently assigned as State Partnership Program (SPP) Director for the Hawaii National Guard (HING). He is responsible for implementing and coordinating SPP engagement activities with Indonesia and the Philippines in support of US and partner country objectives. As an operations officer for the HING’s Director of Operations and Military Support, he serves as a plans and action officer in the HING’s Joint Operations Center during emergency response planning and operations. He was fully engaged during the HING’s disaster response to the tsunami that devastated American Samoa in September 2009 which included the deployment of a quick reaction force package. Prior to his current position, he was the Chief, Program Support Office, Hawaii Region Air Operations Center, 169th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, responsible for system integration and management of communications architectures connected to the Secret Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNet) and Releasable to Canada (RELCAN) Enterprise Network supporting Hawaii’s air defense mission.
Indonesian Economic Visions in the 20th Century
Turro Wongkaren
Government policies, including those related to international affairs, are often extension of the economic vision held by the leaders. In this session we discuss four different economic visions that have been put forward by four Indonesian leaders in the 20th century. They are economic visions of Mohammad Hatta, Soekarno, Widjojo Nitisastro, and Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie. Each discussion is done by looking at the biography of the leader. Hatta’s and Soekarno’s visions are influenced by socialist ideas, while Widjojo’s and Habibie’s visions are influenced by capitalist ideas. In addition, the concept of Ekonomi Pancasila (Pancasila economics) will also briefly discussed.
Turro Wongkaren
Mr. Wongkaren is a Ph.D. candidate in Department of Sociology, University of Hawaii at Manoa. He received Sarjana Ekonomi degree from the University of Indonesia, and Masters in economics, in Asian Studies, and in sociology from the University of Hawaii at Manoa.
PANEL 2: STUDENT PANEL PRESENTATIONS ON INDONESIA ~ Moderator: Sulaiman Mappiasse
Managing Conflict in Asia and Pacific: Exploring Traditional Cultural Practices for Containing Conflict in Indonesia and Beyond
Mohammad Hasan Ansori
Burgeoning research and scholarships on conflict resolution have been done on mediation, negotiation, and arbitration. However, less attention has been given to the study of creative role of culture in conflict resolution, but to the dark side or negative effect of cultural differences. Moreover, since the western model of conflict resolution, which is technically always managed by the legally and interest based strategy and epistemologically derived from the values of democratic liberalism, it is needed to further explore the Asian cultural values and practices to be developed as an alternative model of Asian conflict resolution.
Mohammad Hasan Ansori ~ PhD in Sociology/Peace and Conflict Studies
Mr. Ansori has internationally presented and published papers and won many awards.
Locating the gong-row tradition in Tolitoli: The Celebes Sea as a cultural complex
Mayco Santaella
The Island of Sulawesi in the eastern part of Indonesia reflects great cultural diversity. Of the sixty ethno-linguistic groups present, fully one third are located in the province of Central Sulawesi, home to the gong-row tradition generally identified by the floating term kulintang. In the city and district of Tolitoli, the tradition is practiced mostly by coastal groups, as it is in other areas surrounding the Celebes Sea. The paper interrogates the regional nature of gong music in Tolitoli and its connections to other regions in Central and North Sulawesi and the southern Philippines. I argue that these regions constitute a single, historically related cultural complex presently fragmented by contemporary political boundaries.
I further posit a tripartite combination of critical features for the genre: the melodic instrument, the ensemble, and the repertoire. Following the notion of Indonesian historiographer Kartodirdjo of a history as supporting and developing symbolic identities, I argue that the gong-row instrument, ensemble and repertoire (this tripartite conceptualization) constitutes a shared connection for the peoples of this cultural complex. Drawing upon historical documents, ethnomusicological print and sound sources, and fieldwork the paper discusses the relationship of this gong tradition among peoples connected through the Celebes Sea. The kulintang tradition functions as an identity marker for each locale as well as for a larger Malay identity. The paper examines the genre at micro and macro levels, juxtaposing local particularities and a shared common practice.
Mayco Santaella
Mr. Santaella holds an MA in Ethnomusicology from the University of Hawaii through an East-West Center fellowship. His area of study involves traditional music in Insular Southeast Asia with a particular focus on the gong-row tradition from Central and North Sulawesi.
Indonesia in the Asia Pacific Biodiversity Conservation
Endri Martini and Walesa Edho Prabowo
Indonesia is known for its megabiodiversity, this particularly due to its geographical location that located in between 2 continentals (Asia and Australia) and two oceans (Hindia and Pacific). In the Asia Pacific context, Indonesia is bridging the Asia continental and the Pacific Oceans (and Islands), thus, the biological entities that occur in Indonesia is mixed between the Asia-Australia and the Pacific. Some of the migratory species (such as marine species and birds) travel from and to Indonesia from and to other countries in Asia and Pacific. Meanwhile, plants disperse from and to Indonesia from and to other Asia Pacific countries, via anthropogenic intervention or wind and water dispersal. Thus, Indonesia’s geographical position is important to support the biodiversity existence in the Asia Pacific region.
Endri Martini & Edho Walesa Prabowo
Ms. Martini & Mr. Prabowo are recipients of USAID scholarship and working on their masters degree in Natural Resources & Environmental Management.
Globalizing Indonesian Higher Education
Saiful Anwar Matondang
This paper focuses on strategic position of Indonesia in global education. Whenever the executive management of Indonesian higher education institutions, as what Professor M Kamil Tajuddin, the Rector of the University of Indonesia already planned in the early of 1990, rightly improves the weaknesses of their governance by looking at global competition, they gain international recognition and obtain the enormously benefits and opportunities. The University of Indonesia since 2005 has been already in the tract of international competition in term of global education. As it has twinning programs with a number of Medical schools in Australia students from ASEAN countries and Middle East compete to get the seat every year. From Sumatera Island, Professor Chairuddin Lubis, the Rector of University of North Sumatera (USU) in anticipating the developments in the sub-regions of the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT) has already shifted from inward perfective to the ASEAN context since the end of 1990. Malaysians who go the twinning program of Medical School in USU Medan are 400 each year. The efforts to provide services based on international standard as what these two universities regularly carry out such as validation audits while taking careful attention to international associations in the Asia Pacific region constantly interacts with and integrates to the demand for qualified education service in global context.
Saiful Anwar Matondang
Mr. Saiful Anwar Matondang is currently the President of PERMIAS Chapter Hawaii, and an IFP-EWC fellow in Asian Studies- the University of Hawaii who focuses on Interethnic relation and urban community in globalization. He has been working 18 years in the Coordination Office of Private Higher Education I Aceh –North Sumatra, Department of National Education Republic of Indonesia. Although he is a government officer who has no background in Islamic education, but in the biggest Muslims organization of North Sumatra, Al Jamiyatul Washliyah, he was one of the Academic Senate members of University of Muslim Nusantara (UMN) Al Washliyah Medan from 1999-2003.
